ἦθος

ἦθος, εος, τό (cf. ἔθος),

A an accustomed place: hence, in pl., haunts or abodes of animals,

μετά τ' ἤθεα καὶ νομὸν ἵππων Il.6.511

; [

σύας] ἔρξαν κατὰ ἤθεα κοιμηθῆναι Od.14.411

; of lions, Hdt.7.125; of fish, Opp.H.1.93; of the abodes of men, Hes.Op.167, 525, Hdt.1.15, 157, A.Supp.64 (lyr.), E.Hel.274, Pl.Lg.865e, Arist.Mu.398b33; ἔλεγον ἐξ ἠθέων τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατεῖλαι away from his accustomed place, Hdt. 2.142; of plants, Callistr.Stat.7: metaph., with play on signf. 11, Pl.Phdr.277a.

II custom, usage: in pl., manners, customs, Hes.Op.137, Th.66, Hdt.2.30,35, 4.106, Th.2.61;

τρόποι καὶ ἤθη Pl. Lg.896c

; ἐθρέψω Ξέρξην ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἤ. ib.695e;

φθείρουσιν ἤθη χρήσθ' ὁμιλίαι κακαί PHib.1.7.94

(E.Fr.1024 = Men.218);

τοῖς ἤθεσιν ἁπλοῦς D.S.5.21

.

2 disposition, character,

ἐπίκλοπον ἦθος Hes.Op. 67

,78;

ἦ. ἐμφυές Pi.O.11(10).21

; ἀκίχητα ἤ., of Zeus, A.Pr.187;

τοὐμὸν ἦ. παιδεύειν S.Aj.595

; ὦ μιαρὸν ἦ. Id.Ant.746; τὸ τῆς πόλεως ἦ. Isoc.2.31; βελτίων τῆς πόλεως τὸ ἦ. D.20.14; esp. moral character, opp. διάνοια, Arist.EN1139a1; as the result of habit,

τὸ πᾶν ἦ. διὰ ἔθος Pl.Lg.792e

, cf. Arist.EE1220a39;

ἦ. ἀνθρώπῳ δαίμων Heraclit.119

; ἦ. πηγὴ βίου Stoic. ap. Stob.2.7.1; τῆς ψυχῆς, τῆς γνώμης, Pl.R.400d, D.61.16: freq. opp. πάθος, Arist.Rh.1356a23 (pl.), etc.;

ἠθῶν τε καὶ παθῶν μίμησις D.H.Pomp.3

;

τὸ ἦ. πρᾶος Pl.Phdr.243c

: less freq. in dat., ἀγοραῖος τῷ ἤ. Thphr.Char.6.2, cf. Inscr.Magn.164.3 (i/ii A.D.): pl., traits, characteristics, Pl.R.402d, Arist.EN1144b4 (in sg., τὸ τῆς ἀνδρείας ἦ. Pl.Lg.836d): seldom in pl., of an individual,

στερρὸν τὰ ἤθεα Hp.Ep.11

;

ἱερὸς κατὰ τὰ ἤθη Ath.1.1e

.

b of outward bearing, ὡς ἱλαρὸν τὸ ἦ. X.Smp.8.3;

ὑγρότης ἤθους Lycurg.33

; ὑψηλὸς τῷ ἤ. Plu.Dio4: in pl., of facial expression,

ὀφθαλμῶν ἤθη Philostr.Gym. 25

.

c in Rhet., delineation of character,

ἦ. ἔχουσιν οἱ λόγοι ἐν ὅσοις δήλη ἡ προαίρεσις Arist.Rh.1395b13

;

ἦ. ἐμφαίνειν Phld.Rh.1.200S.

; esp. opp. πάθος, Longin.9.15, etc.; κατ' ἦ. λέγεσθαι, opp. κατὰ πάθος, D.H.Comp.22, cf. Lys.19: in pl.,

πραγμάτων καὶ ἠθῶν Phld.Po.5.5

;

ἐν πάθεσι καὶ ἤθεσιν Demetr.Eloc.28

, etc.; so of works of art, ἡ Ζεύξιδος γραφὴ οὐδὲν ἔχει ἦ. Arist.Po.1450a29;

πάθος καὶ ἦ. καὶ σχημάτων χρῆσις Ael.VH4.3

;

πολλὰ ἤθη ἐπιφαίνει Philostr.Her.2.10

; also of Music, S.E.M.6.49.

d dramatis persona, εἰσάγει ἄνδρα ἢ γυναῖκα ἢ ἄλλο τι ἦ. Arist.Po.1450a11, al.

3 also of animals, ἦ. τὸ πρὸς τοκέων (prob.l.for ἔθος) A.Ag.727, cf.E.Hipp.1219, Pl.R.375e, Arist. HA487a12 (pl.); τὸ ἦ. ἀσθενής, of a bird, ib.615a18; of things, nature, kind, παρὰ δ' ἦ. ἑκάστῳ (to each of the four elements) Emp. 17.28;

τοῦ πυρετοῦ Gal.7.353

.

4 ἐν ἤθει tactfully (cf.

ἠθικός 11.2

),

προσφέρεσθαι τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν Plu.2.73e

. cf. Herm. in Phdr.p.195A.; διὰ μέτριον ἦθος, of the expression δοκεῖ μοι, Steph.in Hp.1.59D.